Research on Innovation Efficiency Evaluation in Tobacco Industry Based on IAHP

With the unceasing change of tobacco market, the development of Chinese tobacco industry faces serious challenges of the market at home and abroad. Original expanding the scale of production quantity have seriously restricted the development of the tobacco industry. Therefore, we must change the development mode of Chinese tobacco industry and improve the efficiency of the development and innovation ability of tobacco enterprises, Chinese tobacco industry will win in the changing market competition. This study evaluates the innovation efficiency of China's tobacco industry based on the method of AHP and put forward development suggestion. This study has certain theory significance and practical application value, on the development of yantai tobacco industry has a good reference value.


INTRODUCTION
In recent years, China's tobacco industry development become gradually slow and even appears negative growth.One of the main reasons for slow development of the tobacco industry is the original vulgar management mode are not able to adapt the changing market (Jian, 2011).Because of international brand continuously entering, the market saturation and due to some of the new legislation and regulations about smoking, (Junju, 2008) the development of the tobacco industry faces severe challenges (Fucheng, 2011).
Nowadays, most of the tobacco enterprise scale is small and scattered, without the benefit of scale economy, science and technology is low.Shuangying (2009) Most of the tobacco enterprise management level is low and small tobacco enterprises have poor benefit (Dongyun and Weizhong, 2010).
Dispersion of tobacco industry raw material sources, which hasn't formed a large-scale production base, makes the most of tobacco enterprises in the development process (Jinchang et al., 2008).In addition, the achievements of the science and technology innovation ability are not strong and shortage of high-tech talent is still one of the main factors hindering the development of the industry (Liu et al., 2010).The extensive development mode has been unable to meet the needs of market development, should be on the tobacco industry product demand, carries on the comprehensive innovation and development mode (Baoan and Hai, 2001).
To improve extensive management mode and scientific and technological innovation ability of tobacco industry in our country, we need to make an objective evaluation about the present situation of the industry's innovation (Jian and Cheng, 1998).Only in this way we can suit the remedy to the case and put forward effective solutions.This study uses the method of AHP to evaluate the innovation efficiency of Chinese tobacco industry and put forward feasible suggestions which can help the development of tobacco industry according to the results of the assessment (Yu, 2003).
This study evaluates the innovation efficiency of China's tobacco industry based on the method of AHP and put forward development suggestion.This study has certain theory significance and practical application value, on the development of yantai tobacco industry has a good reference value.

IAHP IN INNOVATION EFFICIENCY EVALUATION
Chemicals and enzyme:   The principle of IAHP: AHP method is a practical multi-criteria decision making method, which can decompose a complex problem by establishing clear hierarchy.In AHP, measure theory is introduced, that is establish judgment matrix by comparing with each other, solve the weight of the judgment matrix and finally calculate comprehensive weights of factors and sorting.
Because the innovation factor is a complex and flexible system, it will appear uncertain subjective judgment in the process of comparing two factors.AHP can solve this problem.
Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP), combines traditional interval mathematics with the AHP method, can solve the problem of interval estimation.We can get interval comprehensive weighting number by interval number matrix and vector calculation.Then we rank factors, it can reduce judgment subjectivity.
The core idea of IAHP method is: decomposition first, then synthesis.Based on these, the IAHP method application process is as follows: establish the hierarchical structure of the decision system; form interval judgment matrix of factors; test the consistency of judgment matrix; solve the weight of each influence factor.Figure 1 given the hierarchical structure of the innovation efficiency evaluation.
In that diagram, R represents innovation efficiency; A1 represents market share; A2 represents anti-risk capability; A3 represents innovation ability; B1 represents market share; B2 represents market develop; B3 represents capital efficiency; B4 represents science and technology; B5 represents innovation base; B6 represents innovation potential; B7 represents development ability.
The hierarchical structure of the decision making system: The hierarchical structure of the decision making system is the key to the IAHP method.First, we should know the decision-making target and analyze the related factors which influencing the decision goal.There are many factors that influence enterprise innovation efficiency and their relationship is complicated, we analyze the situation of the innovation for the tobacco industry.According to the actual situation, we establish IAHP hierarchy diagram, innovation efficiency analysis will be doing based on the diagram.

The comparative judgment of factors:
In IAHP method, we use expert scoring for the comparison between two factors and use the measurement which is shown in the below to score for different degree of importance in Table 1.
Every factor should compare with other factors.In IAHP, the importance between two factors can be expressed by using interval number.For example, A1 is moderately important for A2.The upper limit of importance is 3.5; the lower limit of importance is 2.5.So the interval number of importance is [2.5, 3.5].
Factors in matrix follow reciprocity, a ij = a ji .a ij = a ji = 1, when i = j.

Consistency check:
The judgment and comparison for importance factors are subjective, so inconsistent situations are easy to exist.The probability of this inconsistency will be rising with the more of factors.The inconsistency will reduce the effectiveness and accuracy of information and influences the correct calculation of the factor weight, so that reduce importance evaluation of reliability.
Especially for IAHP method, the comparison between two factors is a fuzzy interval range, the inconsistency will be enhanced and the consistency check of the judgment matrix becomes more necessary.
The consistency check of IAHP is the same as AHP.We should expand C.R. from a point to a interval number.
First, we calculate the weight vecto w = {w 1 , w 2 , …, w n } of the judgment matrix A = [a ij ] n×n .Then we can calculate the biggest characteristic root λ max , the equation is as follow: where, all variables are interval numbers; (Aw) i is the no.i factor of the vector which can calculate with multiplying matrix A by weight vector w.After we calculate λ max , then calculate C.R. and the equation is as follow: . .(Table 2).
When C.R<0.1, we think that matrix A satisfies consistency.
Calculate the weight vector: First, matrix R can be decomposed into R+ and R-and then calculate the largest characteristic root.Steps are as follow: Every component of the characteristic vector is w 1 , w 2 , w 3 .At last, we can get characteristic weight and uncertain matrix.

IAHP EVALUATION OF INNOVATION EFFICIENCY
We can calculate the innovation efficiency of the enterprise by using the method of IAHP; and give the numerical significance of every factor as shown in Table 3 to 7.
Here, we calculate the consistency ratio and the weight vector of the matrix.Consistency checks and weight vector.
According to the characteristic weight vectors of R, A1, A2 and A3, we can get the weight of sub-factors against decision-making objectives.Then, calculate the final weight of every factor (Table 8).

DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL FOR TOBACCO INDUSTRY
The tobacco industry's development in our country is under the situation of special economic and policy system, its extensive labor-intensive growth mode is necessary in the process of its development history.Therefore, the change of tobacco industry from extensive to intensive is long-term system engineering; it should begin with the economic operation mechanism, social science and technology and talent orientation.So, the following measures are put forward:

CONCLUSION
The development of tobacco enterprise from extensive to intensive, one of the important way is the science and technology innovation, this study take IAHP method to have an analysis to the innovation efficiency of tobacco enterprises; the author puts forward three aspects affecting the efficiency of innovation in tobacco enterprises and seven evaluation points.The weight factor of the seven evaluation point analysis was determined, using simulated data of nine tobacco enterprises in Yantai city as an example to analyze, draw the common innovation high efficiency enterprise: the importance of science and technology talents.This fully illustrated in the process of innovation, "science and technology is the first productivity" and innovative talent is the first scientific and technological innovation.So, in the future development of the city Yantai tobacco enterprises, improving the innovation efficiency is very important, most effective means is to introduce scientific and technological personnel, important enlightenment of the development of this point is also the city of Yantai tobacco enterprises, has important practical significance for the sustainable and healthy development to the whole tobacco industry.This study applied IAHP method to evaluate the efficiency of the tobacco industry, the factors affecting the efficiency of proposed improvement program, has very good guidance to the practical problem.

Fig. 1 :
Fig. 1: Hierarchical structure of the innovation efficiency evaluation

λ
The value of R.I. can be gotten by consulting the average random consistency index table

Table 1 :
Importance and its score

Table 5 :
The

Table 7 :
The consistency ratio and the weight vector of the matrix Matrix [