Analysis of the Industrial Distribution and Characteristics of China ' s Non-Wood Forest Product

At present, Non-Wood Forest Products industry (NTFP) is developing all over the country. But some provinces share some similarities in NTFP industry development. They have not make rational distribution of resources according to their endowment, location and industrial base, etc. Therefore, making a rational planning of NTFP in different provinces to identify each province’s competitive industry, strengthening the study of NTFP distribution have an important guiding significance on giving full play to the advantages of each region, as well as better develop the economic, ecological and social benefits of non-wood forest products. This study, on the basis of the status of NTFP and the research of the type used, makes a summary of the characteristics of the distribution of non-wood forest products industry and makes some recommendations on the corresponding policies.


INTRODUCTION
At present, with the deepening of the social development and people's study of the natural resources, more attention and higher significance have been attached to non-wood forest products, which is a very important part of forest resources, such as herbs, wild vegetables, tea, edible fungi and wild animal protein, etc. Researches find out that 30% (1.2 billion hm 2 of the forest resources are used for non-wood forest products production.We have been attaching huge importance to the development and use of nonwood forest products."Forestry Executive Plan in 21 Century Agenda in China" emphasizes that China has rich non-wood forest resources and this has a significant economic value.This is also the important resource that is negative to the development of human life and social development.It also put forward the guiding ideology for the rational and effective use of non-wood forest resources.As far as China's policy is concerned, under the new status, especially after China carries out the natural forest protection project, the use of forest resource cannot merely rely on making interest by fell trees, which brings more attention to the development of non-wood forest products.In China, there is a more active phenomenon of the development of non-wood forest product trade in recent years, which has exceed 39.38 trillion USD in 2011.Chinese scholars often name the forest resources, except for wood, which rely on forest environment, rely on forest land and gained from planning and raising non-wood forest products.Yin (1998) defined non-wood forest product as "tea, nuts, fruits, flowers, herbs, bamboo forest and its by-products and other non-wood forest resources." Currently, NTFP are being developed all over China.But some provinces share some similarities in NTFP industry development.They have not make rational distribution of resources according to their endowment, location and industrial base, etc.Therefore, making a rational planning of NTFP in different provinces to identify each province's competitive industry, strengthening the study of NTFP distribution have an important guiding significance on giving full play to the advantages of each region, as well as better develop the economic, ecological and social benefits of non-wood forest products: The classification of different types of the use of non-wood forest products: Current NWFP use type classification by social management department is mainly based on their usage, including medicinal products industry cultivation, food industry products cultivation, ornamental products cultivation as well as non-wood forest products trade.
On this basis, this study, in accordance with the utilization ways, divides non-wood forest products into three categories, namely, harvest utilization, cultivation utilization, processing utilization.In addition, the nonwood forest products, in addition to having economic value, also has recreational value and value in ornamental and science research and as people are Based on the above analysis, non-wood forest products utilization types can be divided into four categories, harvest utilization, cultivation utilization, processing utilization and recreation utilization, ornamental and scientific research utilization.Among them, harvest utilization; refers to those non-wood forest products which can be used by simple process after the picking and digging the whole plant or some organs of the plant; cultivation utilization refers to the non-wood forest products which yield economic interests by keeping good living conditions through a variety of tending measures; processing utilization refers to the non-wood forest product which can get or extract chemical substance or active ingredients by a variety of processes from the raw material; ornamental and research utilization refers to the non-wood forest products which is mainly used for ornamental recreation, scientific research.As it is hard to get the statistics for recreation, ornamental and scientific research utilization non-wood forest products, in this study, this part of analysis will be omitted and only describes harvest utilization, cultivation utilization and process utilization.NTFP use types are divided as follows in Table 1 above.Zhang et al. (2000a) developed a clarify standard which divided the utilization of nonwood forest products industry into first industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry, as is shown in the following Table 2, namely products derived from nature sector belong to the first industry; processing the primary products is the second industry; and providing services for the production and consumption is the tertiary industry.The above classification is based on the utilization process of non-wood forest products.Because in the classification there are many overlaps between non-wood forest products and non-wood forest products, based on this, according to the utilization processes, this study divides the utilization types of NTFP as "collection-sale", "harvest-processing-sale", "cultivation (cultivated planting)-sale", "cultivation (cultivated planting) processing-sale".

Analysis of the characteristic of the layout of the non-wood forest products industry:
From the above analysis, it can be seen that different regions have their own competitive industries and different non-wood forest products has a strong regional characteristic in the region in distribution.While analyzing the spatial layout of the provinces, the paper mainly uses SPSS 16.0 software and adopts mean correspondence analysis method to analyze the distribution characteristics of the non-wood forest products in China.

Based on the correspondence analysis principles and procedures of numbers:
There are many sayings of the origin of correspondence analysis.Now it is generally believed that correspondence analysis is originated from some independent literature in the 1930s and 1940s, such as Young and Reichenbach (1987), Zhang and Kant (2005) and Zhang et al. (2000b).So it is hard to say who the founder of this method is.Due to its many sources, this method is also known as homogeneity analysis or quantitative methods, etc.In the essence, correspondence analysis is converting the cross table rows, columns variable into a scatter plot, which means showing the associated information by the form of spatial relationships.The specific steps include the following steps: • Start from the original data matrix, calculate the normalized matrix P:

R-factor analyze:
Covariance the characteristic roots in matrix A λ 1 >λ 2 >λ 3 ….λp , determine the dimensions m λ 1 , λ 2 , λ 3 ….λm according to the cumulative contribution rate of more than 85%.Take the first m eigenvalues dimensions and calculate the corresponding unit eigenvectors, denoted as u 1 , u 2 ….u m and then gets Rtype factor loading matrix and do take the variable factor axis in the scatter plot:  Finally, make a factor load analysis diagram, which determines the distribution of the distance factor loadings associated with each scatter diagram between points and then make further analysis.

Analysis of the characteristics of the layout of the non-wood forest product industry in China:
Select seven categories of non-wood forest products for analysis, X1: Forest planting and collection; X2: flowers planting; X3: terrestrial wildlife breeding and utilization; X4: bamboo reed palm and rattan products manufacturing; X5: forest chemical products; X6: nonwood products processing industry; X7: forest tourism and leisure services.All the data are from China Statistical Yearbook of Forestry.Despite the lack of data may lead to one-sided analysis of the whole industry, we can still analyze the relationship between related industries and based on this, we can get some characteristics of the industrial layout of China's nonwood forest products utilization.Referring to the Statistical Yearbook of China's Forestry, the relevant data can be summarized in Table 3.

Normalized probability matrix P:
As can be seen from the normalized probability matrix P, among the non-wood forest products related industries, the proportion of forest planting and collection (25%) is slightly higher than other industries, the rest of the industrial proportion is 12.5%.Using SPSS16.0 software to calculate covariance matrix and its eigenvalues, we can get the results in Table 4 below.
As can be seen from the cumulative contribution rate of eigenvalues, the former two cumulative contribution rates reaches 67%, indicating that the former two dimensions with the main information of the original data is representative.The first dimension accounted for 38.6% and the second dimension accounted for 28.4%.

Calculate R-type and Q-type factor loadings matrix:
As can be seen from correspondence analysis (Table 4), the cumulative contribution rate of the former four dimensions has reached 90.6%, bigger than 85%.Therefore, the eigenvalue of the former four dimensions are selected to calculate the R-type and Q-type factor load matrix, which can be shown in Table 5 and 6.Make a factor loading plot: Based on the above Rtype and Q-type factor analysis, using statistical software SPSS16.0 to make the structure factor loading table of the seven categories of non-wood forest Inertial contribution rate -----------------------------------------------Singular value confidence interval ----------------------------------------------  ------------------------------------------------------------   To seek a balance in the regional competitiveness, it is necessary to coordinate the development of different industries and make them closely related.In the industrial chain, different NTFP should play different role, play their respective advantages and avoid disadvantages, promote the complementary combination of the resources, form different comparative advantages between different urban areas, make up the sectors that needs to be improved in other regions.All regions should fully share resources, labor and technical to form a stable industrial chain, reduce vicious competition of homogeneous products, make active efforts to produce a relatively high value-added niche products, it is necessary to avoid a waste of resources in the region, as well as maximize the benefits of their own advantages.
Third, improve the competitiveness of non-wood forest products calls for greater government support.Government support should first invest funds and introduce preferential policies, as well as increase technical support level.High tech level is an effective means to improve productivity.Currently, among the various urban areas in Jiangxi Province, in general the technical level of non-wood forest industry is not high, thus the development of non-wood forest products enterprise scale is also very limited.Thus, it is necessary to strive to improve the technology content of non-wood forest product development so as to improve productivity.
Fourth, forest resource endowments are fundamental and the material basis for the development of non-wood forest products.Without forest resources, there is no raw material, which will limit the development of non-wood forest products industry.Overall, though in recent years, NWFP in Jiangxi Province boasts of rich forest resources and good development, there are still many problems.Therefore, we should gradually improve the quality of forests and forestry production and management efficiency, providing a rich and high quality of forest resources for the development of local non-wood forest products industry.
Fifth, actively promote progress of NTFP cooperation projects.By attracting investment, actively promoting and other methods to introduce projects with huge potential in various urban regions, expand the investment channels and prepare the ground for implementation of the project work, formulate supporting policies to attract multi-funded integration, encourage a high level, deep processing of investment projects and expand the scale of construction base.
All in all, each region should coordinates the regional development, develop its favorable industries, increase the investment fund and expand investment channels, guide the industry cluster, promote cooperation and exchange, fully develop the NTFP industry with regional characteristics and create each region's own competitive industries.

Table 1 :
The classification of the utilization types of non-wood forest products

Table 3 :
Status of the value of non-wood forest products (10 thousand yuan)

Table 4 :
Correspondence analysis summary table

Table 7 :
The distribution of the non-wood forest products utilization Industries in China