Abstract

In this study, Zero Valent Iron (ZV-I), Activated Carbon (AC) and Natural Zeolite (NZ) were utilized as reactive material for testing its effectiveness for removal manganese and copper in the waste of Mine Landfills. Hereby, four parameters were taken in this study which is initial concentration of metal, initial groundwater alkalinity PH and dosage of reactive ZV-I, AC, or NZ. Batch results show that ZV-I is the most effective materials for removal manganese and copper up to 48 ppm at low concentration of ZV-I 1990-4990 ppm while initial pH range varies between three through seven. The study discovered that ZV-I reactive compound can be used effectively for manganese removal through settling and adsorption on ZV-I, while copper is basically removed by ZV-I through direct reductive settling. Also, ACcompared to ZV-I reactive material has not significant effect on manganese removal whereas AC basically removed manganese by adsorption while Copper is removed basically by settling. The removal of Copper and manganese can be increased by increasing detention time and dosage of carbon. The study showed that manganese and copper are removed slowly and ineffective by NZ compound.

Keywords:

Activated Carbon (AC), manganese and copper, Natural Zeolite (NZ), Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB), Zero Valent Iron (ZV-I),

References

1. Baker, M.J., D.W. Blowes and C.J. Placek, 1997. Phosphorous adsorption and precipitation in a permeable reactive wall: Applications for wastewater disposal systems. Proceedings of the International Containment Technology Conference and Exhibition. St. Petersburg, FL, United States, pp: 697-703.
   
2. Benner, S.G., D.W. Blowes and C.J. Ptacek, 1997. A full-scale porous reactive wall for prevention of acid mine drainage. Groundwater Monit. Remediat., 17(4): 99-107.
   CrossRef    
3. Benner, S.G., D.W. Blowes, W.D. Gould, R.B. Herbert Jr. and C.J. Ptacek, 1999. Geochemistry of a permeable reactive barrier for metals and acid mine drainage. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(16): 2793-2799.
   CrossRef    
4. Blowes, D.W., C.J. Ptacek, S.G. Benner, C.W.T. McRae, T.A. Bennett and R.W. Puls, 2000. Treatment of inorganic contaminants using permeable reactive barrier. J. Contam. Hydrol., 45(1-2): 123-137.
   CrossRef    
5. David, W.B. and J.P. Carol, 1992. Geo-chemical remediation of ground water by permeable reactive walls. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Groundwater Quality Research. Dallas, Texas, pp: 214-216.
   PMid:1388007    
6. Hegazi, H.A., 2013. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural and industrial wastes as adsorbents. HBRC J., 9(3): 276-282.
   CrossRef    
7. McMurtry, D.C. and R.O. Elton, 1985. New approach to in-situ treatment of contaminated groundwaters. Environ. Progress Sustain. Energ., 4(3): 168-170.
   CrossRef    
8. Mier, M.V., R.L. Callejas, R. Gehr, B.E.J. Cisneros and P.J.J. Alvarez, 2001. Heavy metal removal with Mexican clinoptilolite: Multi-component ionic exchange. Water Res., 35(2): 373-378.
   CrossRef    
9. Morrison, S.J. and R.R. Spangler, 1993. Chemical barriers for controlling groundwater contamination. Environ. Progress Sustain. Energ., 12(3): 175-181.
   CrossRef    
10. Ouki, S.K. and M. Kavannagh, 1997. Performance of natural zeolites for the treatment of mixed metal-contaminated effluents. Waste Manage. Res., 15(4): 383-394.
    CrossRef    
11. Park, J.B., S.H. Lee, J.W. Lee and C.Y. Lee, 2002. Lab scale experiments for permeable reactive barriers against contaminated groundwater with ammonium and heavy metals using clinoptilolite (01-29B). J. Hazard Mater., 95(1-2): 65-79.
    CrossRef    
12. Powell, R.M., R.W. Puls, S.K. Hightower and D.A. Sabatini, 1995. Coupled iron corrosion and chromate reduction: Mechanisms for subsurface remediation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29(8): 1913-1922.
    CrossRef    PMid:22191337    
13. Puls, R.W., C.J. Paul and R.M. Powell, 1999. The application of in situ permeable reactive (zero-valent iron) barrier technology for the remediation of chromate-contaminated groundwater: A field test. Appl. Geochem., 14(8): 989-1000.
    CrossRef    
14. Tomasz, S., 2013. Groundwater treatment with use of ZVI in permeable reactive techno. J. Physicochem. Probl. Mineral Process., 49(1): 13-23.
    
15. Waybrant K.R., D.W. Blowes and C.J. Ptacek, 1998. Selection of reactive mixtures for use in permeable reactive walls for treatment of mine drainage. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(13): 1972-1979.
    CrossRef    

Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

Open Access Policy

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Copyright

The authors have no competing interests.