Research Article | OPEN ACCESS
Evaluation of Insecticide Properties of Ethanolic Extract from Balanites aegyptiaca, Melia azedarach and Ocimum gratissimum leaves on Callosobruchus maculates (Coleptera: Bruchidae)
1Benoit Bargui Koubala, 1Ange-Patrice Takoudjou Miafo, 2Djile Bouba, 3Aristide Guillaume Silapeux Kamda and 3Germain Kansci
1Department of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon
2Agriculture Research for Development Institute, Ministry of Scientific Research and
Innovation, P.O. Box 33, Maroua, Cameroon
3Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I; P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon
Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2013 5:93-101
Received: December 31, 2012 | Accepted: January 31, 2013 | Published: September 25, 2013
Abstract
In order to protect crops and food stocks against the grain depreciators while preserving the environment, ethanolic extracts of some plant leaves (Balanites aegyptiaca, Melia azedarach and Ocimum gratissimum) were tested for their insecticide activities on Callosobruchus maculates. In jars and petri dishes and at doses 10, 15, 25 and 50%, respectively biological tests were realized with the extracts obtained by maceration in ethanol (95%) of leaves powders of these plants. The rearing of C. Maculates and anti-insect test were conducted in laboratory conditions at a temperature of 29.1°C and a relative humidity of 74%. The results were compared with those of the negative (only ethanol) and positive (Star grain) control. At the end of the first day of exposure, the lowest dose (10%) of B. aegyptiaca resulted in a high mortality (85%) of C. maculatus and 50% dose of M. azedarach, 68.33% of mortality. Seventy two hours after treatment, the highest mortality (100%) was obtained with 50% dose of O. gratissimum. All these extracts showed repellent effects proportional to the dose. O. gratissimum extract had the highest repellency (Class IV) and also proved highly persistence (63.33% mortality after 24 h of exposure). This Insecticide activity could be correlated to the presence of secondary metabolites such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and terpenes. These results suggest that these plant extracts could be used as an alternative in the fight against C. maculatus in the areas of culture and seed storage areas.
Keywords:
Balanites aegyptiaca, biopesticide, Callosobruchus maculates, Melia azedarach, Ocimum gratissimum, Vigna unguiculata,
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests.
Open Access Policy
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Copyright
The authors have no competing interests.
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ISSN (Online): 2041-3890
ISSN (Print): 2041-3882 |
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