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Abstract
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Article Information:
A Spatio-Temporal Based Estimation of Vegetation Changes in the Tarkwa Mining Area of Ghana
B. Kumi-Boateng, D. Mireku-Gyimah and A.A. Duker
Corresponding Author: Kumi-Boateng Bernard
Submitted: 2011 August, 30
Accepted: 2011 November, 04
Published: 2012 March, 01 |
Abstract:
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The Tarkwa Mining Area (TMA) falls in the rainfall belt of Ghana with evergreen Equatorial forest
vegetation. TMA has witnessed clearance of large tracts of vegetation to make room for mining and settlements.
Destruction of vegetation has exacerbated since surface mining was introduced in the area in the 1980s.
However, the actual extent of vegetation change since 1980 to date has not been assessed and quantified. This
study uses Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to estimate the changes
in vegetation in the area. Temporal satellite images for four different years and 250 ground reference points
were classified using maximum likelihood algorithm. The impact of mining on vegetation composition was also
estimated using distant gradient. Phytosociological analysis was also carried out to determine the species
density, dominance index and diversity index. The results revealed five dominant land use/cover types.
Vegetated areas in the TMA lost 932.92 km2 whereas settlements and mining areas gained 932.93 km2 of land.
A phytosociological analysis of the TMA revealed that the number of herbaceous species colonizing the mined
areas was much higher than the number colonizing the unmined areas. The study concluded that the rate of
changes in the various land-use/cover types in the TMA is alarming and if the current trend of development
continues, there could be an imbalance in the ecosystem of the TMA.
Key words: Distant gradient, mining, phytosociological, tarkwa, vegetation, ,
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Cite this Reference:
B. Kumi-Boateng, D. Mireku-Gyimah and A.A. Duker, . A Spatio-Temporal Based Estimation of Vegetation Changes in the Tarkwa Mining Area of Ghana. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, (03): 215-229.
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ISSN (Online): 2041-0492
ISSN (Print): 2041-0484 |
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