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Abstract
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Article Information:
Detecting Adreno-Cortical Activity in Gorillas: A Comparison of Faecal Glucocorticoid Measures Using RIA Versus EIA
J.B. Nizeyi, N. Czekala, S.L. Monfort, N. Taha, M. Cranfield, P. Linda and K. Gilardi
Corresponding Author: John Bosco Nizeyi
Submitted: 2011 January, 06
Accepted: 2011 February, 10
Published: 2011 April, 05 |
Abstract:
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The conservation community is concerned that the remnants of highly endangered Mountain gorilla
are being exposed to enormous stressors in their habitat but no assay has been validated to monitor stress
markers in their fecal medium. Non specific ICN Corticosterone RIA and Munro Cortisol EIA were validated
for measurement of free-ranging Mountain gorilla Faecal Glucocorticoids Metabolites (FGM) to non-invasively
detect effect of environmental stressors on the adrenocortical activity in gorillas. Parallelism and quantitative
recovery of FGM showed that the RIA and EIA can reliably measure corticoid metabolites in this medium.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography confirmed presence of FGM in faecal extracts. Peak
immunoreactive metabolites constituting 35.43% of FGM measured by the RIA co-eluted with maximum
corticosterone radioactivity, the EIA measured multiple immunoreactive peak metabolites which were less polar
than the cortisol, corticosterone and DOC standard hormones. For Lowland gorilla, peak FGM eluted at
fractions 27 and 53 under the 100% Isocratic gradient (San Diago protocol), and 20-80% Methanol gradient
(National Zoo protocol) respectively; while peak FGM eluted at fraction 8 and 47 in Mountain gorilla under
100% Isocratic and 20-80% Methanol gradients respectively. After injection of Lowland gorilla with long
acting Adrenal Cortico-trophic Hormone (ACTH) gel (150U Acthar Gel), urinary cortisol increased by 5-fold
(p<0.05) within the first 6 h and then decreased to original values by 24 h. FGM were significantly elevated
(p<0.05) between 72 and 96 h (RIA) and between 48 and 120 h (EIA) and there after decreased towards the
pre-ACTH levels. Both assays detected a 2-fold increase in FGM 48 h post ACTH. Mean pre-ACTH and post-
ACTH FGM amounts measured by RIA were 36 times (p<0.05) more than those measured by the EIA. For
field application FGM were measure from three free-ranging Mountain gorilla individuals before and after
chasing the gorilla family from fields. Between the 2nd and 3rd day of chase, FGM (RIA) increased by 44, 21
and 71% in the silverback, adult female and infant respectively. We conclude that measurement of FGM using
ICN RIA and Munro Cortisol EIA offers a practical promise to non-invasively monitor adreno-cortical activity
in gorillas.
Key words: ACTH challenge, captive lowland gorilla, chasing gorillas, faecal glucocorticoid metabolites, free-ranging mountain gorilla, validation,
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Cite this Reference:
J.B. Nizeyi, N. Czekala, S.L. Monfort, N. Taha, M. Cranfield, P. Linda and K. Gilardi, . Detecting Adreno-Cortical Activity in Gorillas: A Comparison of Faecal Glucocorticoid Measures Using RIA Versus EIA. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, (2): 104-116.
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ISSN (Online): 2041-2908
ISSN (Print): 2041-2894 |
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