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Abstract
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Article Information:
Reversal of Coumarin-Induced Toxicity by the Extracts and Fractions of Ageratum conyzoides
Peter A. Akah, Chinyelu C. Osigwe and Chukwuemeka S. Nworu
Corresponding Author: Peter A. Akah
Submitted: 2010 April, 09
Accepted: 2010 April, 22
Published: 2010 June, 25 |
Abstract:
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This study examined the antidotal effects of the methanol extract (MeOH) and fractions of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) on coumarin-induced toxicity in rats. The effects of these extracts on coumarin acute
toxicity (LD50) and mortality rate were assessed. The LD50 of coumarin was increased by as much as 487.2 and
238.1% when co-administered with the MeOH extract (1 g/kg) and the methanol fraction, (MF) (1 g/kg)
respectively. The MeOH extract and MF significantly (p≤0.05) reduced coumarin-induced mortality to 0 and
40%, respectively when compared to the 100% mortality recorded for the control group. Vitamin K and
activated charcoal, which were used as standard antidotes, also produced similar reductions in percentage
mortality, but MeOH extract and MF performed better. The Hexane Fraction (HF) and the ethyl acetate fraction,
(EF) did not significantly (p>0.05) affect coumarin-induced mortality. Maximal antidotal effect was recorded
when MeOH extract was given within 3 h of coumarin administration. The MeOH extract and the MF
demonstrated antidotal activities against acute poisoning by coumarin in rodents. On their own, the extracts did
not produce any gross pathological change in the animals, and could therefore be harnessed as useful antidote
in coumarin poisoning. Local activities of the phytoconstituents of A. conyzoides on the GIT which limits
absorption and haemorrhagic damages are believed to be responsible for the reversal of the coumarin toxicity.
Key words: Ageratum conyzoides, Antidote, coumarin, coumarin-toxicity, poisoning, ,
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Cite this Reference:
Peter A. Akah, Chinyelu C. Osigwe and Chukwuemeka S. Nworu, . Reversal of Coumarin-Induced Toxicity by the Extracts and Fractions of Ageratum conyzoides. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, (3): Page No: 121-126.
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ISSN (Online): 2040-8773
ISSN (Print): 2040-8765 |
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