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Abstract
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Article Information:
Political Representation and Gender Inequalities Testing the Validity of Model Developed for Pakistan using a Data Set of Malaysia
Najeebullah Khan, Adnan Hussein, Zahid Awan and Bakhtiar Khan
Corresponding Author: Najeebullah Khan
Submitted: 2011 October, 23
Accepted: 2011 December, 08
Published: 2012 February, 20 |
Abstract:
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This study measured the impacts of six independent variables (political rights, election system type,
political quota, literacy rate, labor force participation and GDP per capita at current price in US dollar) on the
dependent variable (percentage of women representation in national legislature) using multiple linear regression
models. At a first step we developed and tested the model without of sample data of Pakistan. For model
construction and validation ten years data from the year 1999 and 2002-2010 were used and divided into two
sub sample - the training sub sample (6 years) of 1999 and 2002 to 2006 and the testing sub sample (4 years)
from 2007 to 2010. For bringing more variation in women representation data for the year 1999 was used. Nonexistence
of parliament due to martial law was the main reason of the exclusion of years 2000 and 2001 from
the analyses. The results of the multiple linear regressions show that model is perfectly fit to predict women
representation in Pakistan. Eighty-three percent variation in the response variable (% of women representation)
was explained by the model. GDP per capita (0.47) was found the only significant factor for variation in
women representation in Pakistan. In a second step, the robustness of the model was tested by applying it to
the Malaysian out of sample data for nine years from 2002-2010. The results of multiple linear regression
analyses reveal that the model generated for Pakistan does not provide a good fit for explaining the extent of
women representation in Malaysia as it only explains 58% of the variation in the percentage of women
representation in this country. Literacy rate (0.011) was the only significant factor for variation in women
representation in Malaysia. Findings of the study reinforce that it is still impossible to generalize about the state
of women representation.
Key words: Gender inequalities, Malaysia, multiple regression analyses, Pakistan, political representation, ,
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Cite this Reference:
Najeebullah Khan, Adnan Hussein, Zahid Awan and Bakhtiar Khan, . Political Representation and Gender Inequalities Testing the Validity of Model Developed for Pakistan using a Data Set of Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business Management, (1): 68-74.
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ISSN (Online): 2041-8752
ISSN (Print): 2041-8744 |
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